Ligaments are dense fibrous connective tissue that maintains joint stability through bone-to-bone connections. Ligament tears that due to sports injury or tissue aging usually require surgical intervention, and transplanting autologous, allogeneic, or artificial ligaments for reconstruction is the gold standard for treating such diseases in spite of many drawbacks. With the development of materialogy and manufacturing technology, engineered ligament tissue based on bioscaffold is expected to become a new substitute, which can lead to tissue regeneration by simulating the structure, composition, and biomechanical properties of natural tissue. This paper reviewed some recently published in vitro and animal researches focusing on ligament tissue engineering, then evaluated the properties and the effects on tissue repair and reconstruction of fiber structure scaffolds, multi-phase interface scaffolds and bio-derived scaffolds designed by bionic principle and made of different materials, manufacturing techniques and biological factors. Finally, summarization followed by the prospection for future development direction of biological scaffolds in ligament tissue engineering research is given.
韧带是致密的纤维结缔组织，通过骨间连接维持关节的稳定性。运动损伤或组织老化引起的韧带撕裂通常需要手术干预，目前使用自体、异体或人工韧带作为移植物进行重建是治疗该类疾病的金标准，但这些移植物都存在诸多弊端。随着材料学和制造技术的发展，以生物支架为基础的工程化韧带组织有望成为新的组织供体，通过模拟天然组织的结构、成分和生物力学性能来达到再生组织的目的。本综述根据近期韧带组织工程的体外和动物实验研究，评估了以仿生性为设计原则，使用不同材料、制造技术和生物因素制造的纤维结构支架、多相界面支架和生物组织衍生支架的各项性能以及在促进韧带修复和重建中的效果。最后，总结并展望未来韧带组织工程研究中生物支架的发展方向。.
Keywords: biological factor; biomaterial; biomimic; ligament tissue engineering; scaffold.