Mesenchymal stem cells plus bone repair materials as a therapeutic strategy for abnormal bone metabolism: Evidence of clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action implied

Abstract

The regeneration process of human bones is very complicated, the management and treatment of bone damage caused by diseases are the main problems faced by clinicians worldwide. It is known that cell-based stem cell therapy together with biomaterials is a fast-developing method of tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the different types and main characteristics of scaffolds and stem cells suitable for bone regeneration, and aims to provide a state-of-the-art description of the current treatment of common bone metabolism related diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteosarcoma and the strategies based on stem cell biological scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering. This method may provide a new treatment option for the treatment of common bone metabolism-related diseases that cannot be cured by ordinary and routine applications. Three databases (PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science) search terms used to write this review are: "arthritis", "osteoporosis", "osteosarcoma", "bone tissue engineering", "mesenchymal stem cells", "materials", "bioactive scaffolds" and their combinations, and the most relevant studies are selected. As a conclusion, it needs to be emphasized that despite the encouraging results, further development is needed due to the need for more in-depth research, standardization of stem cell manufacturing processes, large-scale development of clinical methods for bone tissue engineering, and market regulatory approval. Although the research and application of tissue regeneration technology and stem cells are still in their infancy, the application prospect is broad and it is expected to solve the current clinical problems.

Keywords: Abaloparatide (PubChem CID: 145705876); Biomaterials; Bisphosphonates (PubChem CID: 2088); Bone metabolism; Bone tissue engineering; Cisplatin (PubChem CID: 5702198); Doxorubicin (PubChem CID: 31703); Etoposide (PubChem CID: 36462); Ifosfamide (PubChem CID: 3690); Mesenchymal stem cells; Methotrexate (PubChem CID: 126941); SERM (PubChem CID: 179338), Raloxifene (PubChem CID: 5035); Teriparatide (PubChem CID: 16133850).