Enhanced electrochemiluminescence bioassay triggered by intracellular leakage for detection of Escherichia coli

Abstract

An intracellular leakage-trigged signal-on solid-state electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay is developed for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). A self-assembled multilayer ensemble of N, S co-doped carbon dots -poly dimethyl diallylammonium chloride grafted carbon nanospheres is used as ECL luminophores with peroxydisulfate (PS) ions as coreactants. The incorporation of molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers with the multilayer ensemble enables a robust, highly selective solid-state ECL probe without using any expensive and fragile biological receptor. Upon the imprinted E. coli exposed to the assay, under bactericidal effects of PS ions by destroying the integrity of E. coli cell membrane, intracellular leakage K⁺-triggered ECL enhancement is first disclosed via prompting the involved ¹O₂-mediated ECL process. Benefiting from the ECL enhancement upon increasing the concentration of E. coli, a unique intracellular leakage-trigged signal-on ECL system is created for sensing E. coli. Such a assay is proved to be highly specific and sensitive for sensing E. coli in the concentration range from 5 to 10⁷ cfu mL^-1, achieving a detection limit of 1 cfu mL^-1 (S/N = 3). This label-free, simple and facile assay provides a promising point-of-care diagnostic tool for pathogen detection.

Keywords: Electrochemiluminescent; Escherichia coli; Intracellular leakage; Molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers.