A unique death pathway keeps RIPK1 D325A mutant mice in check at embryonic day 10.5

PLoS Biol. 2021 Aug 26;19(8):e3001304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001304. eCollection 2021 Aug.

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, apart from its pleiotropic functions in inflammation, plays a role in embryogenesis as deficiency of varieties of its downstream molecules leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Caspase-8 noncleavable receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) mutations occur naturally in humans, and the corresponding D325A mutation in murine RIPK1 leads to death at early midgestation. It is known that both the demise of Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos and the death of Casp8-/- mice are initiated by TNFR1, but they are mediated by apoptosis and necroptosis, respectively. Here, we show that the defects in Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos occur at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), earlier than that caused by Casp8 knockout. By analyzing a series of genetically mutated mice, we elucidated a mechanism that leads to the lethality of Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos and compared it with that underlies Casp8 deletion-mediated lethality. We revealed that the apoptosis in Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos requires a scaffold function of RIPK3 and enzymatically active caspase-8. Unexpectedly, caspase-1 and caspase-11 are downstream of activated caspase-8, and concurrent depletion of Casp1 and Casp11 postpones the E10.5 lethality to embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Moreover, caspase-3 is an executioner of apoptosis at E10.5 in Ripk1D325A/D325A mice as its deletion extends life of Ripk1D325A/D325A mice to embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). Hence, an unexpected death pathway of TNFR1 controls RIPK1 D325A mutation-induced lethality at E10.5.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Caspase 8 / physiology*
  • Caspases / metabolism
  • Cell Death
  • Embryonic Development*
  • Mice
  • Primary Cell Culture
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / physiology*
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / metabolism*

Substances

  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
  • Tnfrsf1a protein, mouse
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Ripk1 protein, mouse
  • Ripk3 protein, mouse
  • Casp8 protein, mouse
  • Caspase 8
  • Caspases

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81788101 and 81630042 to J.H; 31801158 to Y.Z.), the National Key R&D program (2020YFA0803500 to J.H.), the 111 Project (B12001 to J.H.), the CAMS Innovation Found for Medical Science (CIFMS) (2019-I2M-5-062 to J.H.), and the Funds for Social Development in Fujian Province (2013Y0091 to J.L.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.