Nanoparticle incorporated dentin bonding agent to caries effected dentin treated by photodynamic therapy, laser or chlorhexidine

Sajith Vellappally; Mohamed Hashem; Amir Altinawi; Hassan Fouad

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102495

Nanoparticle incorporated dentin bonding agent to caries effected dentin treated by photodynamic therapy, laser or chlorhexidine

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Dec:36:102495. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102495. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

Authors

Sajith Vellappally¹, Mohamed Hashem², Amir Altinawi³, Hassan Fouad⁴

Affiliations

¹ Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: svellappally@ksu.edu.sa.
² Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
³ Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Applied Medical Science Department, CC, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 34428576
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102495

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and failure modes of graphene nanoplatelets doped with hydroxyapatite (GNP-HA) modified self-etch dentin bonding agent (DBA) to caries effected dentin (CAD) after various conventional and laser disinfection protocols.

Materials and methods: Graphene nanoplatelets and HA nanoparticles were doped and incorporated in DBA. Fifty carious human molar teeth were used for the experiment. CAD specimens were divided into five groups (n=10/group) into CAD undergoing no disinfection treatment (Group-CAD), 2% chlorhexidine disinfection (Group-CHX), 6% NaOCl disinfection (Group-NaOCl), methylene blue assisted PDT (Group-MB-PDT), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser application (Group-Er,Cr:YSGG). Following the respective disinfection techniques, the GNP-HA modified adhesive was applied to all treated CAD surface. Subsequently µTBS and failure modes were analyzed.

Results: Representative scanning electron microscope images (SEM images) of the synthesized GNP-HA indicated flakes of graphene with varying size lengthwise (>500 nm) with 1-2 nm width. The doped HA showed round and spherical morphology conjugated over the surface of the GNP measuring 40 -100 nm in diameter. CAD group that underwent no treatment represented the highest µTBS (29.43 MPa). Within the tested specimens, MB-PDT (22.37 MPa) and Er,Cr:YSGG (21.85 MPa) showed the highest µTBS values than CHX (15.69 MPa) and NaOCl (11.46 MPa). However, there was no significant difference between MB-PDT and Er,Cr:YSGG (p>0.05) and a significant difference existed between CHX and NaOCl (p<0.05). Equal distribution of cohesive and adhesive failures was noted for CAD, CHX and NaOCl treated specimens. A majority of adhesive failures existed in the MB-PDT groups. While admixed and adhesive failures were higher in Er,Cr:YSGG treated samples.

Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that CAD restored by GNP-HA modified self-etch adhesive showed highest bond strength after MB-PDT and Er,Cr:YSGG protocols with low amount of adhesive failure.

Keywords: Caries; Dentin; Graphene; Laser; Microtensile bond strength; Photodynamic Therapy.

MeSH terms

Chlorhexidine / pharmacology
Dental Caries Susceptibility
Dentin
Dentin-Bonding Agents
Humans
Lasers, Solid-State*
Materials Testing
Nanoparticles*
Photochemotherapy* / methods
Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology
Photosensitizing Agents / therapeutic use

Substances

Dentin-Bonding Agents
Photosensitizing Agents
Chlorhexidine