Effects of nitrogen addition on plant-soil micronutrients vary with nitrogen form and mowing management in a meadow steppe

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) addition and mowing can significantly influence micronutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems. It remains largely unknown about how different forms of added N affect micronutrient status in plant-soil systems. We examined the effects of different N compounds of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, and urea with and without mowing on micronutrient Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in soil-plant systems in a meadow steppe. The results showed that (NH₄)₂SO₄ addition had a stronger negative effect on soil pH compared with NH₄NO₃ and urea, resulting in higher increases in soil available Fe and Mn herein. Nitrogen addition decreased plant community-level biomass weighted (hereafter referred to as community-level) Fe concentration but increased Mn concentration, with a greater effect under (NH₄)₂SO₄ addition. Community-level Cu concentration increased with (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ addition only under mowing treatment. Mowing synergistically interacted with urea addition to increase community-level Mn and Zn concentrations even with decreased soil organic matter, possibly because of compensatory plant growth and thus higher plant nutrient uptake intensity under mowing treatment. Overall, responses of plant-soil micronutrients to N addition varied with mowing and different N compounds, which were mainly regulated by soil physicochemical properties and plant growth. Different magnitude of micronutrient responses in plants and soils shed light on the necessity to consider the role of various N compounds in biogeochemical models when projecting the effects of N enrichment on grassland ecosystems.

Keywords: Hay harvest; Micronutrient cycling; Nitrogen compound; Nitrogen enrichment; Plant nutrition; Semiarid grassland.