Dietary Intake Patterns of Community-Dwelling Older Adults After Acute Hospitalization

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition and sarcopenia are a growing concern in community-dwelling older adults. Hospitalization increases the risk of malnutrition and leads to a decline in functional and nutritional status at discharge. Persistent malnutrition after hospital discharge may worsen posthospital outcomes, including readmissions. The aim of this study was to determine dietary intakes and nutrient distribution patterns of community-dwelling older adults after acute hospitalization.

Method: Participants (65 years and older, n = 85) were enrolled during acute hospitalization and dietary 24-hour recalls were collected weekly for 1 month postdischarge. Analysis included change in dietary intake over recovery timeframe; daily intake of energy, protein, fruit, vegetables, and fluids; comparison of intake to recommendations; distribution of energy and protein across mealtimes; and analysis of most common food choices.

Results: Most participants did not meet current recommendations for energy, fruit, vegetables, or fluids. Average protein consumption was significantly higher than the current recommendation of 0.8 g/kg/d; however, only 55% of participants met this goal and less than 18% met the 1.2 g/kg/d proposed optimal protein intake for older adults. The protein distribution throughout the day was skewed and no one met the 0.4 g/meal protein recommendation at all meals.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that community-dwelling older adults did not meet their nutritional needs during recovery after hospitalization. These data highlight the need for better nutritional evaluation and support of geriatric patients recovering from hospitalization.

Keywords: Dietary recall; Eating pattern; Geriatric; Malnutrition.