Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China

Lingyuan Chen; Touqeer Abbas; Lin Yang; Yao Xu; Hongyan Deng; Lei Hou; Wenbin Li

doi:10.7717/peerj.11844

Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China

PeerJ. 2021 Jul 27:9:e11844. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11844. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Lingyuan Chen^#¹, Touqeer Abbas^#², Lin Yang¹, Yao Xu¹, Hongyan Deng¹, Lei Hou³, Wenbin Li¹

Affiliations

¹ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.
² Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China.
³ College of Resources & Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

To explore the effects of modified pomace on copper migration via the soil on the banks of the rivers in northern Sichuan and Chongqing, fruit pomace (P) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) modified P (EP) were evenly added (1% mass ratio) to the soil samples of Guanyuan, Nanbu, Jialing, and Hechuan from the Jialing River; Mianyang and Suining from the Fu River; and Guangan and Dazhou from the Qu River. The geochemical characteristics and migration rules of copper in different amended soils were simulated by column experiment. Results showed that the permeation time of copper in each soil column was categorized as EP-amended > P-amended > original soil, and the permeation time of amended soil samples at different locations was Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guanyuan > Hechuan. Meanwhile, the average flow rate of copper in each soil column showed a reverse trend with the permeation time. Copper in exchangeable, carbonate, and iron-manganese oxide forms decreased with the increase of vertical depth in the soil column, among which the most evident decreases appeared in the carbonate-bonding form. The copper accumulation in different locations presented a trend of Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guangyuan > Hechuan, and the copper content under the same soil showed EP-amended > P-amended > original soil. The copper proportion of the carbonate form was the highest in each soil sample, followed by the exchangeable form. The proportions of iron-manganese oxide and organic matter forms were relatively small. A significant correlation was observed between the cation exchange capacity and the copper content in exchangeable and carbonate forms. Moreover, total organic carbon and copper contents were negatively correlated.

Keywords: Column experiment; Copper; Geochemical characteristics; Modified pomace; Riverbank soil.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University (17E062), the Scientific Research Fundation of the Education Department of Sichuan Province (18ZB0576), the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program (2018JY0224) and the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China (No. 41271244). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.