Nanostructured graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-CTAB modified electrode for the highly sensitive detection of amino-triazole and linuron herbicides

Davalasab Ilager; Nagaraj P Shetti; Kakarla Raghava Reddy; Suresh M Tuwar; Tejraj M Aminabhavi

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111856

Nanostructured graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)-CTAB modified electrode for the highly sensitive detection of amino-triazole and linuron herbicides

Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt A):111856. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111856. Epub 2021 Aug 10.

Authors

Davalasab Ilager¹, Nagaraj P Shetti², Kakarla Raghava Reddy³, Suresh M Tuwar⁴, Tejraj M Aminabhavi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi, 580 027, Karnataka, India.
² School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: dr.npshetti@gmail.com.
³ School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580 001, Karnataka, India.
⁵ School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India.

PMID: 34389349
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111856

Abstract

In agro-areas, linuron (LNR) and amino-triazole (ATZ) are the widely used herbicides to protect crops, but their widespread use pollutes the environment, especially when these are mixed with water or soil. In efforts to address these environmental issues and to detect trace quantities of the herbicides, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified carbon paste electrode (g-C₃N₄-CTAB/CPE) was developed and used for the detection of LNR and ATZ. Materials were characterized by XRD, TEM and AFM techniques. The effect of pH on electro-oxidation (under optimized conditions) showed the maximum peak current at pH of 4.2 for AMT and pH 6.0 for LNR. The electro-kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of LNR and ATZ were determined. Additional experiments were performed for the trace level detection of ATZ and LNR using the square wave voltammetric technique. Concentrations were varied linearly in the range of 3.0 × 10^-7 M to 4.5 × 10^-5 M for ATZ with a detection limit of 6.41 × 10^-8 M, and 1.2 × 10^-7 M to 3.0 × 10^-4 M for LNR with a detection limit of 2.47 × 10^-8 M. The developed novel sensor was effective for trace level detection of LNR and ATZ in water and soil samples.

Keywords: Amino-triazole; Linuron; Soil analysis; Water analysis; g-C(3)N(4).

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Carbon
Cetrimonium
Electrodes
Graphite
Herbicides*
Linuron*
Nitrogen Compounds
Triazoles

Substances

Herbicides
Nitrogen Compounds
Triazoles
graphitic carbon nitride
Linuron
Carbon
Graphite
Cetrimonium