Native vs Prosthetic Valve Histoplasma capsulatum Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report and Systemic Literature Review Comparing Patient Presentation, Treatment Modalities, Clinical Outcomes, and Diagnostic Laboratory Testing

Bobby L Boyanton Jr; Harry Boamah; Carl B Lauter

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab360

Native vs Prosthetic Valve Histoplasma capsulatum Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report and Systemic Literature Review Comparing Patient Presentation, Treatment Modalities, Clinical Outcomes, and Diagnostic Laboratory Testing

Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 14;8(8):ofab360. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab360. eCollection 2021 Aug.

Authors

Bobby L Boyanton Jr^{1

2}, Harry Boamah³, Carl B Lauter^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
² Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
³ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Western Michigan School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
⁴ Sections of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA.

Abstract

Histoplasma capsulatum is a rare cause of fungal endocarditis that affects both native and prosthetic valves. It is associated with a high mortality rate if not diagnosed early and treated with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical intervention. We present a case of a 47-year-old man with histoplasmosis infective endocarditis. He was successfully treated with antifungal therapy and surgical replacement of the infected bioprosthetic aortic valve. Our systemic literature review includes 52 articles encompassing 60 individual cases of H. capsulatum infective endocarditis from 1940 to 2020. Patient presentations, diagnostic laboratory testing accuracy, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes comparing and contrasting native and prosthetic valve infection are described.

Keywords: Histoplasma capsulatum; endocarditis; histoplasmosis; native valve; prosthetic valve.

Publication types

Review