Thermoelectric materials taking advantage of spin entropy: lessons from chalcogenides and oxides

Abstract

The interplay between charges and spins may influence the dynamics of the carriers and determine their thermoelectric properties. In that respect, magneto-thermoelectric power MTEP, i.e. the measurements of the Seebeck coefficient S under the application of an external magnetic field, is a powerful technique to reveal the role of magnetic moments on S. This is illustrated by different transition metal chalcogenides: CuCrTiS₄ and CuMnTiS₄ magnetic thiospinels, which are compared with magnetic oxides, Curie-Weiss (CW) paramagnetic misfit cobaltites, ruthenates, either ferromagnetic perovskite or Pauli paramagnet quadruple perovskites, and CuGa_1-x Mn _x Te₂ chalcopyrite telluride and Bi_1.99Cr_0.01Te₃ in which diluted magnetism is induced by 3%-Mn and 1%-Cr substitution, respectively. In the case of a ferromagnet (below T_C) and CW paramagnetic materials, the increase of magnetization at low T when a magnetic field is applied is accompanied by a decrease of the entropy of the carriers and hence $\left(S\right)$ decreases. This is consistent with the lack of MTEP in the Pauli paramagnetic quadruple perovskites. Also, no significant MTEP is observed in CuGa_1-x Mn _x Te₂ and Bi_1.99Cr_0.01Te₃, for which Kondo-type interaction between magnetic moments and carriers prevails. In contrast, spin glass CuCrTiS₄ exhibits negative MTEP like in ferromagnetic ruthenates and paramagnetic misfit cobaltites. This investigation of some chalcogenides and oxides provides key ingredients to select magnetic materials for which S benefits from spin entropy.

Keywords: 203 Magnetics / Spintronics / Superconductors; 206 Energy conversion / transport / storage / recovery; 210 Thermoelectronics / Thermal transport / insulators, chalcogenides, magneto-thermopower; 50 Energy Materials; Thermopower; chalcogenides; entropy; magneto-resistance; oxides; spins.