The sequelae of neurosurgical diseases are an increasingly important component of neurologists' clinical practice. Moreover, spasticity is one of the most common of these effects. While spasticity may be useful in compensating for a loss in motor strength, it frequently becomes harmful and leads to further functional losses. When patients with harmful spasticity cannot be managed through physical therapy, neurosurgical treatment must be considered. We present the current state of knowledge relating to the assessment and treatment of spasticity, especially selective peripheral neurotomy and intrathecal baclofen therapy. To continue developing therapies for spasticity, we must be familiar with the characteristics of various treatment methods used to treat spasticity and create frameworks for regional alliances that focus primarily on education and rehabilitation programs targeting spasticity treatment that involve patients, patients' families, and medical staff.