Today, diabetes mellitus is an urgent and topical medical and social problem of modern medicine. In the era of industrialization, this endocrine disorder's incidence increases exponentially, affecting more broadly, especially the young cohorts of the population, thereby exerting a substantial burden on the health system. Comprehension and full-fledged study of the pathophysiological mechanisms and remodeling dynamics in the diabetic continuum will ensure further advances in modern diabetology to set it to a potentially new level. It is noteworthy that diabetes mellitus triggers various vicious cycles that impair cardiovascular homeostasis and becomes an independent risk factor for such comorbidities as coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, diabetic cardiomyopathy, etc. Unfavorable prognosis common manifestations are the micro-and macroangiopathies, particularly the diabetic angio-, neuro-, and nephropathy. In this respect, the vision impairment associated with angiopathy becomes a predictor of the early onset and/or exacerbation of already developed cardiovascular pathology. Summing up the mentioned above, a study of the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-driven impairment of the cardiovascular system is becoming a fundamentally relevant research area. Simultaneously, it will serve as the driving force for finding new pharmacological influences with improving both the quality of life and the prognosis of diabetic patients.