Study on real-world power-based emission factors from typical construction machinery

Dan Tan; Jianwei Tan; Di Peng; Mingliang Fu; Hefeng Zhang; Hang Yin; Yan Ding

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149436

Study on real-world power-based emission factors from typical construction machinery

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 10:799:149436. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149436. Epub 2021 Aug 2.

Authors

Dan Tan¹, Jianwei Tan², Di Peng³, Mingliang Fu⁴, Hefeng Zhang³, Hang Yin³, Yan Ding⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
² Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
³ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
⁴ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: fumingliang160@163.com.
⁵ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: dingyan@vecc.org.cn.

PMID: 34365269
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149436

Abstract

Construction machinery accounts for a large share of the non-road machinery market and is an important pollutant source. In this study, real-world emission tests were undertaken on 16 excavators and 19 wheel loaders by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) to obtain their real-world engine performance and emission factors. The typical operating modes were categorized as idling, moving and working modes. The results show that in the working mode, the engine continuously operated at a high speed, high torque and high load factor, which led to sharp up and down CO, HC, NO_x and particle number (PN) emissions. As the emission standards were strengthened, the CO, HC and NO_x emissions clearly decreased, and the excavators and wheel loaders showed a higher emission level in the moving mode. A comparison of the excavator and wheel loader in China III displayed that the CO, HC, and NO_x total emission factors of the wheel loader were 10.20, 2.70 and 1.79 times higher than those of the excavator, respectively, so the wheel loader contributed more seriously to environmental pollution. The CO and HC measured emission factors of the excavators and wheel loaders were 0.05-1.38 times and 0.13-0.58 times higher than the corresponding Limitation and the recommended values from the national emission inventory Guideline. However, the NO_x emission factors were 1.20-3.25 times higher than the corresponding Limitation and the recommended value from the Guideline, which means that the recommended values overestimate CO and HC, and underestimate NO_x. A comparison of the emission factors of the excavators and wheel loaders in this study with others demonstrate that the CO and HC power-based emission factors were generally lower, but the NO_x emission factor was higher.

Keywords: Construction machinery; PEMS; Power-based emission factor; Real-world emission.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
China
Environmental Monitoring
Vehicle Emissions* / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Vehicle Emissions