Residual characteristics of etofenprox in the processing stages of rice cakes and cookies

PLoS One. 2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255751. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The changes in residual amounts of an insecticide (etofenprox) in processed rice cakes and cookies were investigated in this study. Test samples were sprayed with etofenprox during rice cultivation, and brown rice samples were dipped in a pesticide solution to investigate the effects of washing and processing. A multiresidue method for multiclass pesticides was employed for etofenprox analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector setup. Etofenprox was not detected in polished rice that was processed into rice cakes and cookies. The etofenprox residue levels were 2.13 mg/kg in each processing stage of brown rice products that were dipped in 400 mg/kg etofenprox solutions. The residual amounts of etofenprox in washed/polished rice and rice flour obtained by grinding were 1.25 and 0.77 mg/kg, respectively. The residual levels were 0.38 mg/kg in rice cakes prepared by cooking rice flour in a steamer for 20 min (a decrease of 82.1% compared to that in polished rice), 0.47 mg/kg in rice cookies baked in an oven for 20 min (a decrease of 78.0%), and 0.21 mg/kg in fried rice cookies (a decrease of 90.2%). Overall, the residual levels of etofenprox decreased in a range of 40-100% during the processing of rice cakes and cookies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Cooking
  • Flour / analysis
  • Food Analysis
  • Food Handling
  • Humans
  • Insecticides / chemistry
  • Insecticides / isolation & purification*
  • Oryza / chemistry*
  • Oryza / drug effects
  • Pesticide Residues / chemistry
  • Pesticide Residues / isolation & purification*
  • Pesticides / chemistry
  • Pesticides / isolation & purification*
  • Pyrethrins / chemistry
  • Pyrethrins / isolation & purification*

Substances

  • Insecticides
  • Pesticide Residues
  • Pesticides
  • Pyrethrins
  • ethofenprox

Grants and funding

This research was supported by a grant (19162MFDS192) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2019.