Prevalence and Characteristic of Swine-Origin mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Northeastern China

Ping Cheng; Yuqi Yang; Sai Cao; Haibin Liu; Xiaoting Li; Jichao Sun; Fulei Li; Muhammad Ishfaq; Xiuying Zhang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.712707

Prevalence and Characteristic of Swine-Origin mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Northeastern China

Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 20:12:712707. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712707. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Ping Cheng¹, Yuqi Yang², Sai Cao¹, Haibin Liu¹, Xiaoting Li¹, Jichao Sun¹, Fulei Li¹, Muhammad Ishfaq¹, Xiuying Zhang¹

Affiliations

¹ Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
² Pharmacology Teaching and Research Department, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.

Abstract

The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 is threatening the last-line role of colistin in human medicine. With mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from food animal being frequently reported in China, the prevalence of mcr-1 in food animal has attracted public attention. In the present study, a total of 105 colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 200 fecal samples collected from six swine farms in northeastern China. mcr-PCR revealed that the prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant E. coli was 53.33% (56/105). mcr-1-positive E. coli showed extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles with the presence of additional resistance genes, increased expression of multidrug efflux pump-associated genes, and increased biofilm formation ability. MLST differentiated all the mcr-1-positive E. coli into 25 sequence types (STs) and five unknown ST, and the most common ST was ST10 (n = 11). By phylogenetic group classification, the distribution of all mcr-1-positive E. coli belonging to groups A, B1, B2, and D was 46.43, 35.71, 5.36, and 5.36%, respectively. Conjugation experiment demonstrated that most of the mcr-1 were transferable at frequencies of 2.68 × 10^-6-3.73 × 10^-3 among 30 representative mcr-1-positive E. coli. The plasmid replicon types IncI2 (n = 9), IncX4 (n = 5), IncHI2 (n = 3), IncN (n = 3), and IncP (n = 1) were detected in the transconjugants. The results of growth assay, competition experiment, and plasmid stability testing showed that acquisition of mcr-1-harboring plasmids could reduce the fitness of bacterial hosts, but mcr-1 remained stable in the recipient strain. Due to the potential possibility of these mcr-1-positive E. coli being transmitted to humans through the food chain or through horizontal transmission, therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the prevalence and dissemination of mcr-1 in food animal, particularly in swine.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; characteristics; colistin resistance; mcr-1 gene; prevalence; swine.