New Scope of Targeted Therapies in Lung Carcinoma

Abstract

Lung Cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent research has also shown LC as a genomic disease, causing somatic mutations in the patients. Tests related to mutational analysis and genome profiles have lately expanded significantly in the genetics/genomics field of LC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different signalling pathways of LC based on the clinical impact of molecular targets. It describes the main molecular pathways and changes involved in the development, progression, and cellular breakdown of LC and molecular changes. This review focuses on approved and targeted experimental therapies such as immunotherapy and clinical trials that examine the different targeted approaches to treating LC. We aim to clarify the differences in the extent of various genetic mutations in DNA for LC patients. Targeted molecular therapies for LC can be continued with advanced racial differences in genetic changes, which have a significant impact on the choice of drug treatment and our understanding of the profile of drug susceptibility/ resistance. The most relevant genes described in this review are EGFR, KRAS, MET, BRAF, PIK3CA, STK11, ERBB3, PTEN, and RB1. Combined research efforts in this field are required to understand the genetic difference in LC outcomes in the future.

Keywords: Lung cancer; cancer gene; immunotherapy; specific biomarker; survival pathway; targeted therapy.