Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gusonghan Maitiniyazi; Yue Chen; Yu-Yu Qiu; Zhen-Xing Xie; Jian-Yun He; Shu-Fang Xia

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S325115

Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Jul 28:14:3427-3436. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S325115. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Gusonghan Maitiniyazi^#¹, Yue Chen^#¹, Yu-Yu Qiu¹, Zhen-Xing Xie², Jian-Yun He¹, Shu-Fang Xia¹

Affiliations

¹ Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
² School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Purpose: Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined as normal body mass index (BMI) and excessive body fat percentage (BF%), has been shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic dysfunction and with higher mortality. However, there is limited literature regarding the potential associations between NWO and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate the associations of lifestyles with NWO in Chinese university students.

Participants and methods: A total of 279 university students with normal BMI were recruited and divided into NWO and normal weight non-obesity (NWNO) groups by BF%. Body composition and anthropometrics were measured, and participants were asked to finish the Healthy Lifestyle Scale for University Students (HLSUS) questionnaire.

Results: A total of 26 male (25.5%) and 71 female (40.1%) students were identified as NWO. Compared to NWNO students, body weight, BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference and hip circumference of NWO students were all significantly higher both in male and female students (P < 0.05). The body fat mass, BF% and visceral fat area were significantly negatively correlated with the total HLSUS, physical exercise behavior, and dietary nutrition behavior scores in NWNO males, NWO and NWNO females (P < 0.05). The risk of NWO was lower in those students with higher scores in physical exercise behavior in both males (OR = 0.298, 95% CI = 0.121~0.733) and females (OR = 0.653, 95% CI = 0.505~0.843), while dietary nutrition behavior (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.584~0.986) and stress management behavior (OR = 0.503, 95% CI = 0.335~0.755) decreased the risk of NWO only in females.

Conclusion: The incidence of NWO was high among university students, especially in females, which might be related with unhealthy lifestyles. NWO university students should pay attention to lifestyle adjustments, especially physical exercise, dietary nutrition and stress management, for preventing the health risk in NWO.

Keywords: body fat; dietary nutrition; obesity; physical exercise; public health; stress management.

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 81703222; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, grantnumber 2017M620191; Postdoctoral Foundation of Jiangsu Province, grant number 1701099B.