Background: Cannabis use is increasing, including among smokers, an at-risk population for cancer. Research is equivocal on whether using cannabis inhibits quitting cigarettes. The current longitudinal study investigated associations between smoking cannabis and subsequently quitting cigarettes.
Methods: Participants were 4,535 adult cigarette smokers from a cohort enrolled in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3 in 2009-2013. Cigarette quitting was assessed on a follow-up survey in 2015-2017, an average of 3.1 years later. Rates of quitting cigarettes at follow-up were examined by retrospectively assessed baseline cannabis smoking status (never, former, recent), and by frequency of cannabis smoking among recent cannabis smokers (low: ≤3 days/month; medium: 4-19 days/month; high: ≥20 days/month). Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, smoking- and health-related behaviors, and time between baseline and follow-up.
Results: Adjusted cigarette quitting rates at follow-up did not differ significantly by baseline cannabis smoking status [never 36.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 34.5-37.8; former 34.1%, CI, 31.4-37.0; recent 33.6%, CI, 30.1-37.3], nor by frequency of cannabis smoking (low 31.4%, CI, 25.6-37.3; moderate 36.7%, CI, 30.7-42.3; high 34.4%, CI, 28.3-40.2) among recent baseline cannabis smokers. In cross-sectional analyses conducted at follow-up, the proportion of cigarette smokers intending to quit smoking cigarettes in the next 30 days did not differ by cannabis smoking status (P = 0.83).
Conclusions: Results do not support the hypothesis that cannabis smoking inhibits quitting cigarette smoking among adults.
Impact: Future longitudinal research should include follow-ups of >1 year, and assess effects of intensity/frequency of cannabis use and motivation to quit on smoking cessation.
©2021 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.