Engineering of the current nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Oct:142:111953. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111953. Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Abstract

Currently, there are over 230 different COVID-19 vaccines under development around the world. At least three decades of scientific development in RNA biology, immunology, structural biology, genetic engineering, chemical modification, and nanoparticle technologies allowed the accelerated development of fully synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines within less than a year since the first report of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. mRNA-based vaccines have been shown to elicit broadly protective immune responses, with the added advantage of being amenable to rapid and flexible manufacturing processes. This review recapitulates current advances in engineering the first two SARS-CoV-2-spike-encoding nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines, highlighting the strategies followed to potentiate their effectiveness and safety, thus facilitating an agile response to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: LNP, vaccines; MRNA; Nucleoside-modified; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
  • Biomedical Engineering* / methods
  • Biomedical Engineering* / trends
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / classification
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / pharmacology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Drug Delivery Systems / methods
  • Drug Development / methods*
  • Drug Discovery / methods*
  • Humans
  • Immunogenicity, Vaccine
  • Liposomes / pharmacology
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nucleosides / pharmacology
  • Nucleosides / physiology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / drug effects
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology
  • Vaccines, Synthetic / pharmacology

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Lipid Nanoparticles
  • Liposomes
  • Nucleosides
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Vaccines, Synthetic
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273