The effect of rate and temperature on patient-reported pain during local anesthesia injection: A single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
• ² Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
• ³ Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
• ⁴ Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical System, Sacramento, California.
• ⁵ Division of Dermatology, Section of Procedural Dermatology, Cooper University Health Care, Marlton, New Jersey.
• ⁶ Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell/New York Presbyterian, New York, New York.
• ⁷ Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: m-alam@northwestern.edu.