Prevalence and risk factors to develop ocular hypertension and glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the development of ocular hypertension and glaucoma, in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty, in the Eye Clinic of the city of Bogotá.

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, and 130 eyes of patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty were analyzed at the Eye Clinic in Bogotá, between January 2015 and August 2018. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, and it was determined by bivariate analysis, the association factors and the prevalence of the pathology under study.

Results: Prevalence of ocular hypertension was 27.69% and glaucoma 10%. Average age 48.93 ± 18.63 years; higher frequency of presentation in men (61.5%). Statistically significant association factors were male sex (PR 2.59), presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PR 1.83), history of trauma (PR 2.16), prior PK (PR 2.10) and graft failure (PR 2.04). Post-KP glaucoma only had statistically significant association with bullous keratopathy (PR 2.76).

Conclusions: Ocular hypertension and glaucoma had a high prevalence after penetrating keratoplasty, and the association factors were similar to those reported in other international studies. Knowing these factors, allows focusing surveillance and treatment in these patients to avoid blindness due to damage of the optic nerve or corneal graft.

Keywords: Blindness; Ceguera; Glaucoma; Hipertensión ocular; Intraocular pressure; Ocular hypertension; Penetrating keratoplasty; Presión intraocular; Queratoplastia penetrante.