Effects of Electroacupuncture on Sleep via the Dopamine System of the HPA Axis in Rats after Cage Change

Chen Xie; Jing Wang; Na Zhao; Wenjia Yang; Xiaolin Gao; Zhen Liu; Xinyu Chen; Chaojun Fang; Cong Fu; Yunfei Chen; Xintong Yu

doi:10.1155/2021/5527060

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Sleep via the Dopamine System of the HPA Axis in Rats after Cage Change

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Jul 1:2021:5527060. doi: 10.1155/2021/5527060. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Chen Xie^{1

2}, Jing Wang¹, Na Zhao¹, Wenjia Yang¹, Xiaolin Gao¹, Zhen Liu¹, Xinyu Chen³, Chaojun Fang^{1

2}, Cong Fu¹, Yunfei Chen¹, Xintong Yu¹

Affiliations

¹ Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
² Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
³ Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongfang College, Langfang 065001, China.

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is often related to stressful events. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is related to stress, and dopamine (DA) and DA receptors are involved in the regulation of HPA axis. Electroacupuncture (EA) can improve sleep in individuals with insomnia, but the mechanism is unclear. We demonstrated that EA can improve sleep in rats after cage change through DA and the DA receptors in the HPA axis.

Methods: A rat model of insomnia was established by cage change to a dirty cage. The rats in treatment groups were intervened by EA and D1R (or D2R) antagonists. Electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) were recorded to compare the changes in sleep. The DA, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (CORT) levels in the plasma and hypothalamus were measured by ELISAs, and the D1R and D2R levels were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results: The dirty group showed a significant increase in the amount of wakefulness and decrease in the amount of NREM sleep, with decreased numbers of long NREM sleep bouts and REM sleep bouts and increased mean duration of wakefulness during the light period. EA and D1R (or D2R) antagonists intervention could improve sleep disturbance by decreasing wakefulness in the light period after cage change, EA and D1R (or D2R) antagonists could increase the hypothalamus DA, CRH, ACTH, CORT level, and the D1R and D2R mRNA levels in the HPA axis, and the effect of EA plus D1R (or D2R) antagonist was not superior to that of EA or D1R (or D2R) antagonists alone.

Conclusions: EA can improve the sleep of rats after cage change, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of DA and D1R or D2R in the HPA axis.