Objective: To understand the employment situation of graduates of public health-related majors and explore the associated factors of turnover intention among public health practitioners in China. Methods: In April 2020, the convenient sampling method was used to recruit public health related graduates from 98 universities with public health-related majors from 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) and from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (only including working or unemployed status, no requirement for graduation years). A total of 1 322 questionnaires were collected, of which 1 165 (88.1%) were valid. Through the network questionnaire survey, the information of public health graduates' work situation, job satisfaction and turnover intention were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors of turnover intention, and structural equation model was constructed to explore the correlation between turnover intention and job satisfaction. Results: The age of 1 165 graduates was (28.1±4.8) years. Among them, 719 (61.7%) were female and 856 (73.5%) graduates were engaged in public health-related work after graduation. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those over 30 years old, graduates under 30 years old had higher turnover intention (OR=2.531, 95%CI: 1.549-4.155). Compared with those with junior or no title, graduates with senior title had higher turnover intention (OR=2.310, 95%CI: 1.047-5.162). The results of structural equation model analysis showed that the four factors of job satisfaction, 'salary and welfare', 'promotion development', 'work itself', and 'internal and external environment', were negatively correlated with turnover intention. The internal and external environment had the greatest impact on turnover intention (total effect =-0.539). Conclusion: Most graduates of public health-related majors are engaged in public health-related work in China. Age, professional title and job satisfaction are the associated factors of turnover intention.
目的： 了解中国公共卫生相关专业毕业生的从业情况，探讨公共卫生相关工作从业者离职倾向的影响因素。 方法： 于2020年4月，采用方便抽样方法，招募中国31个省份（未包含中国香港、澳门和台湾地区）的98所设有公共卫生相关专业的高校及中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生相关专业毕业生（仅包括参加工作或者待业状态，对毕业年限不做要求）为研究对象。共收集到1 322份问卷，有效问卷数为1 165份（88.1%）。通过网络问卷调查，收集公共卫生毕业生从事工作情况、工作满意度以及离职倾向等信息。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析离职倾向的影响因素，构建结构方程模型探讨离职倾向与工作满意度各维度间的相关关系。 结果： 1 165名研究对象年龄为（28.1±4.8）岁，其中女性为719名（61.7%）；856名（73.5%）毕业生毕业后从事公共卫生相关工作。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示，与30岁及以上者相比，30岁以下者离职倾向更高（OR=2.531，95%CI：1.549~4.155）；与初级或无职称者相比，高级职称者离职倾向更高（OR=2.310，95%CI：1.047~5.162）。结构方程模型分析结果显示，工作满意度的4个因子“薪酬福利”“晋升发展”“工作本身”和“内外环境”与离职倾向呈负相关，其中内外环境对离职倾向影响最大（总效应=-0.539）。 结论： 中国公共卫生相关专业毕业生多数从事公共卫生相关工作；年龄、职称和工作满意度是离职倾向的影响因素。.