The Role of the Gastrointestinal System in Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2

Jiali Xu; Zifeng Wu; Mi Zhang; Shijiang Liu; Ling Zhou; Chun Yang; Cunming Liu

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.694446

The Role of the Gastrointestinal System in Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2

Front Neurosci. 2021 Jul 2:15:694446. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.694446. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Jiali Xu¹, Zifeng Wu¹, Mi Zhang², Shijiang Liu¹, Ling Zhou¹, Chun Yang¹, Cunming Liu¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
² Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the most devastating pandemics in history. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 100 million people worldwide, leading to more than 3.5 million deaths. Initially, the clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were thought to be restricted to the respiratory system. However, further studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can also afflict multiple other organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The number of gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been rapidly increasing. Most importantly, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 often exhibit comorbid symptoms in the gastrointestinal and neurological systems. This review aims to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may affect the nervous system by invading the gastrointestinal system. We hope that this review can provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment of the neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and references for developing prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; gastrointestinal system; gut microbiota; gut- brain axis; neuroinvasion.

Publication types

Review