Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension

Gianfranco Parati; George S Stergiou; Grzegorz Bilo; Anastasios Kollias; Martino Pengo; Juan Eugenio Ochoa; Rajiv Agarwal; Kei Asayama; Roland Asmar; Michel Burnier; Alejandro De La Sierra; Cristina Giannattasio; Philippe Gosse; Geoffrey Head; Satoshi Hoshide; Yutaka Imai; Kazuomi Kario; Yan Li; Efstathios Manios; Jonathan Mant; Richard J McManus; Thomas Mengden; Anastasia S Mihailidou; Paul Muntner; Martin Myers; Teemu Niiranen; Angeliki Ntineri; Eoin O'Brien; José Andres Octavio; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Stefano Omboni; Paul Padfield; Paolo Palatini; Dario Pellegrini; Nicolas Postel-Vinay; Agustin J Ramirez; James E Sharman; Andrew Shennan; Egle Silva; Jirar Topouchian; Camilla Torlasco; Ji Guang Wang; Michael A Weber; Paul K Whelton; William B White; Giuseppe Mancia; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension

doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002922

Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension

J Hypertens. 2021 Sep 1;39(9):1742-1767. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002922.

Authors

Gianfranco Parati^{1

2}, George S Stergiou³, Grzegorz Bilo^{1

2}, Anastasios Kollias³, Martino Pengo¹, Juan Eugenio Ochoa¹, Rajiv Agarwal⁴, Kei Asayama^{5

6

7}, Roland Asmar⁸, Michel Burnier⁹, Alejandro De La Sierra¹⁰, Cristina Giannattasio^{2

11}, Philippe Gosse¹², Geoffrey Head¹³, Satoshi Hoshide¹⁴, Yutaka Imai⁷, Kazuomi Kario¹⁴, Yan Li¹⁵, Efstathios Manios¹⁶, Jonathan Mant¹⁷, Richard J McManus¹⁸, Thomas Mengden¹⁹, Anastasia S Mihailidou²⁰, Paul Muntner²¹, Martin Myers²², Teemu Niiranen^{23

24}, Angeliki Ntineri³, Eoin O'Brien²⁵, José Andres Octavio²⁶, Takayoshi Ohkubo^{5

7}, Stefano Omboni^{27

28}, Paul Padfield²⁹, Paolo Palatini³⁰, Dario Pellegrini³¹, Nicolas Postel-Vinay³², Agustin J Ramirez³³, James E Sharman³⁴, Andrew Shennan³⁵, Egle Silva³⁶, Jirar Topouchian³⁷, Camilla Torlasco¹, Ji Guang Wang¹⁵, Michael A Weber³⁸, Paul K Whelton³⁹, William B White⁴⁰, Giuseppe Mancia⁴¹; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension

Affiliations

¹ Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Neural and Metabolic Sciences.
² Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
³ Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁴ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
⁵ Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁷ Tohoku Institute for the Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Japan.
⁸ Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, Geneva.
⁹ Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
¹⁰ Hypertension Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Mútua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹¹ Cardiology IV, 'A. De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda.
¹² Cardiology/Hypertension Unit Saint André Hospital. University Hospital of Borfeaux, France.
¹³ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
¹⁵ Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁷ Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁸ Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁹ Kerckhoff Clinic, Rehabilitation, ESH Excellence Centre, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
²⁰ Department of Cardiology and Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
²¹ Hypertension Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
²² Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
²³ Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku.
²⁴ Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁵ The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
²⁶ Experimental Cardiology, Department of Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela.
²⁷ Clinical Research Unit, Italian Institute of Telemedicine, Varese, Italy.
²⁸ Department of Cardiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
²⁹ Department of Medical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁰ Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine. University of Padova, Padua.
³¹ Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
³² Hypertension Unit, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France.
³³ Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Unit, University Hospital, Fundacion Favaloro, Argentina.
³⁴ Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
³⁵ Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, Kings College London, UK.
³⁶ Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of the University of Zulia, Venezuelan Foundation of Arterial Hypertension. Maracaibo, Venezuela.
³⁷ Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Paris-Descartes University, AP-HP, Hotel Dieu, Paris, France.
³⁸ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Downstate College of Medicine, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
³⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana.
⁴⁰ Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
⁴¹ University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Abstract

The present paper provides an update of previous recommendations on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring from the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability sequentially published in years 2000, 2008 and 2010. This update has taken into account new evidence in this field, including a recent statement by the American Heart association, as well as technological developments, which have occurred over the past 20 years. The present document has been developed by the same ESH Working Group with inputs from an international team of experts, and has been endorsed by the ESH.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Determination
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Humans
Hypertension* / diagnosis
Societies, Medical