The Escalation of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells Apoptosis After the Co-Cultivation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Sensitized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome and Colony Stimulating Factor-2 in vitro

Ferdiansyah Mahyudin; Fachrizal Arfani Prawiragara; Mouli Edward; Dwikora Novembri Utomo; Mohammad Hardian Basuki; Yunus Abdul Bari; Alexander Patera Nugraha; Fedik Abdul Rantam

doi:10.2147/JBM.S305566

The Escalation of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells Apoptosis After the Co-Cultivation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Sensitized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome and Colony Stimulating Factor-2 in vitro

J Blood Med. 2021 Jul 8:12:601-611. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S305566. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Ferdiansyah Mahyudin¹, Fachrizal Arfani Prawiragara¹, Mouli Edward¹, Dwikora Novembri Utomo¹, Mohammad Hardian Basuki¹, Yunus Abdul Bari¹, Alexander Patera Nugraha², Fedik Abdul Rantam³

Affiliations

¹ Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
² Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
³ Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Abstract

Introduction: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) sensitized with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretome and/or colony stimulating factor-2 (CSF-2) as an immunotherapy candidate may escalate osteosarcoma stem cells (OS-SCs) apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the escalation of osteosarcoma stem cells' apoptosis after the co-cultivation with PBMCs sensitized by MSCs secretome with/or CSF-2 and it was completed by analyzing the level of serum tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, annexin V binding, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in vitro.

Methods: OS-SCs were derived from a single human osteosarcoma sample with its high grade and osteoblastic essential clinical characteristics obtained from a biopsy before the chemotherapy treatment. They were then isolated and cultured confirmed by the cluster of differentiation-133 (FITC) by applying immunofluorescence analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled. MSCs secretome was obtained with cells extracted from the bone marrow of a healthy patient. Furthermore, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to analyze sTRAIL and TNF-α level in each group. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and annexin V assay in each group was examined by applying the immunofluorescence labeled with FITC. The comparison analysis between treatment groups and the control group was performed by utilizing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) (p<0.05).

Results: There was a significant difference in the upregulation of sTRAIL and TNF-α level indicated by the increased annexin V, caspase-3, and caspase-8 expression binding between groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: MSCs Secretome and CSF-2 could significantly increase the activity of PBMCs through the improvement of sTRAIL and TNF-α levels which could lead to the escalation of OS-SCs apoptosis through an enhanced expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and annexin V binding in vitro.

Keywords: cancer; caspase; mesenchymal stem cells; osteosarcoma; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; tumor necrosis factor.