Single-cell profiling of CNS border compartment leukocytes reveals that B cells and their progenitors reside in non-diseased meninges

Nat Neurosci. 2021 Sep;24(9):1225-1234. doi: 10.1038/s41593-021-00880-y. Epub 2021 Jul 12.

Abstract

The CNS is ensheathed by the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, and recent findings suggest that these CNS-associated border tissues have complex immunological functions. Unlike myeloid lineage cells, lymphocytes in border compartments have yet to be thoroughly characterized. Based on single-cell transcriptomics, we here identified a highly location-specific composition and expression profile of tissue-resident leukocytes in CNS parenchyma, pia-enriched subdural meninges, dura mater, choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid. The dura layer of the meninges contained a large population of B cells under homeostatic conditions in mice and rats. Murine dura B cells exhibited slow turnover and long-term tissue residency, and they matured in experimental neuroinflammation. The dura also contained B lineage progenitors at the pro-B cell stage typically not found outside of bone marrow, without direct influx from the periphery or the skull bone marrow. This identified the dura as an unexpected site of B cell residence and potentially of development in both homeostasis and neuroinflammation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Meninges / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid / immunology*
  • Rats
  • Single-Cell Analysis