In vivo evaluation of whitening toothpaste efficiency and patient treatment satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

Nada Zorica Vladislavic; Antonija Tadin; Lidia Gavic; Daniel Jerkovic; Ivana Franic; Zeljko Verzak

doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04052-x

In vivo evaluation of whitening toothpaste efficiency and patient treatment satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan;26(1):739-750. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04052-x. Epub 2021 Jul 10.

Authors

Nada Zorica Vladislavic¹, Antonija Tadin^{2

3}, Lidia Gavic^{4

5}, Daniel Jerkovic⁵, Ivana Franic⁶, Zeljko Verzak^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
² Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia. atadin@mefst.hr.
³ Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia. atadin@mefst.hr.
⁴ Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
⁵ Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostic, University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
⁷ Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

PMID: 34245356
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04052-x

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the whitening efficiency and patient satisfaction after usage of commercially available toothpastes with the different whitening ingredients.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial study comprised 161 participants who were randomly divided into eight groups based on used whitening or control/conventional toothpaste (Colgate Max Expert White [CMEW], n = 20; Signal Daily White [SDW], n = 20; Himalaya Sparkly White Herbalis [HSWH], n = 20; Signal White System [SWS], n = 20; Rembrandt Deeply White + Peroxide [RDWP], n = 20; Splat Extreme White [SEW], n = 20; Splat White Plus [SWP], n = 21; and Kalodont Multi Repair [control], n = 20). Tooth color and color change were evaluated using a spectrophotometer (CIELAB coordinates, ΔE_ab*, ΔE₀₀, whiteness index change [ΔWID]). Measurements were performed at baseline, 30 days and 60 days after the beginning of treatment, and 30 days after completing treatment - follow-up. Side effects and satisfaction with the whitening outcome were reported throughout the questionnaire.

Results: The results for ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* showed an increase in lightness and decrease in yellowness for all tested whitening toothpastes compared to the control group after 30 days of use (p ≤ 0.05). Also, significant tooth color difference (ΔE_ab*, ΔE₀₀) and whiteness index change (ΔWI_D) were recorded for all tested whitening toothpastes 30 days and 60 days from the beginning of use (p ≤ 0.05). Toothpaste containing a combination of urea peroxide and enzyme ingredients (SEW) demonstrated the highest and the longest whitening effect.

Conclusions: Whitening toothpastes can show perceptibly whitening effect after a short time of usage, but without a long-lasting impact.

Clinical relevance: Toothpaste containing a combination of enzymes and peroxides showed the best whitening performance compared to those containing only enzymes, peroxides, or abrasives.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04460755.

Keywords: Color measurement; Patient satisfaction; Side effects; Tooth color; Tooth whitening; Toothpaste.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Carbamide Peroxide
Color
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide
Tooth Bleaching Agents*
Tooth Bleaching*
Toothpastes

Substances

Tooth Bleaching Agents
Toothpastes
Carbamide Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04460755