Harnessing immunotherapy to combat COVID-19: A modern snake oil or silver bullet?

Therapie. 2021 Jul-Aug;76(4):335-345. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.10.004. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged into a global health and economic menace. Amidst the COVID-19 turmoil, recent failures/uncertain outcomes in clinical trials involving the anti-malarial (hydroxychloroquine), anti-viral (remdesivir) or the combination of anti-malarial/antibiotic (hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin) regimens have predisposed the physicians to distrust these "highly-touted" drugs for COVID-19. In this milieu, immunotherapy might be a credible modality to target or modify specific/non-specific immune responses that interfere with the survival of intracellular pathogens. This scientific review throws light on the epidemiology of COVID-19, its pathogenesis and the current clinical scenario of immunotherapeutics including convalescent plasma (CP), type-1 interferons (IFN-I) and human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to combat COVID-19. The treatment outcomes underscore that immunotherapy might be a reliable tool to assuage COVID-19-associated immunopathology. However, specific patient pool studies are warranted to ascertain the precise (re)purposing of immunotherapeutics for COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 serotherapy; Immunotherapy; Interferon type I; Monoclonal antibodies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / therapy*
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • COVID-19 Serotherapy
  • Humans
  • Immunization, Passive
  • Immunotherapy*
  • Interferon Type I / therapeutic use
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Interferon Type I