Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand

Yukio Mikami; Damayanti Tinduh; KunHo Lee; Chayaporn Chotiyarnwong; Jan W van der Scheer; Kyung Su Jung; Hiroshi Shinohara; Inggar Narasinta; Seung Hyun Yoon; Napatpaphan Kanjanapanang; Takafumi Sakai; Martha K Kusumawardhani; Jinho Park; Pannika Prachgosin; Futoshi Obata; Ditaruni Asrina Utami; Phairin Laohasinnarong; Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani; Siraprapa Limprasert; Fumihiro Tajima; Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey; Kathleen A Martin Ginis

doi:10.1080/10790268.2021.1945857

Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand

J Spinal Cord Med. 2022 Nov;45(6):821-832. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1945857. Epub 2021 Jul 6.

Authors

Yukio Mikami¹, Damayanti Tinduh², KunHo Lee³, Chayaporn Chotiyarnwong⁴, Jan W van der Scheer^{5

6}, Kyung Su Jung⁷, Hiroshi Shinohara⁸, Inggar Narasinta², Seung Hyun Yoon⁹, Napatpaphan Kanjanapanang⁴, Takafumi Sakai¹⁰, Martha K Kusumawardhani², Jinho Park¹¹, Pannika Prachgosin⁴, Futoshi Obata¹⁰, Ditaruni Asrina Utami², Phairin Laohasinnarong⁴, Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani², Siraprapa Limprasert⁴, Fumihiro Tajima^{1

6}, Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey⁶, Kathleen A Martin Ginis^{12

13

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
² Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
³ Department of Prescription and Rehabilitation of Exercise, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁵ THIS Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁶ Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
⁷ Medical Center for Health Promotion and Sport Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
⁸ Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan.
⁹ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Physical Therapy, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Takarazuka, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Counseling, Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
¹² Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹³ School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
¹⁴ International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹⁵ Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.

Abstract

Context: Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Thailand.

Objective: To culturally validate and translate the Scientific Exercise Guidelines for Adults with Spinal Cord Injury (SEG-SCI) for use in four Asian countries.

Design: Systematic Review.

Participants: N/A.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify all published English- and local-language studies conducted in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand, testing the effects of exercise training interventions on fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with acute or chronic SCI. Protocols and results from high-quality controlled studies were compared with the SEG-SCI. Forward and backward translation processes were used to translate the guidelines into Bahasa Indonesian, Japanese, Korean and Thai languages.

Results: Fifteen studies met the review criteria. At least one study from each country implemented exercise prescriptions that met or exceeded the SEG-SCI. Two were controlled studies. In those two studies, relative to control conditions, participants in exercise conditions achieved significant improvements in fitness or cardiometabolic health outcomes only when the exercise intervention protocol met or exceeded the SEG-SCI. During the language translation processes, end-users confirmed that SEG-SCI language and terminology were clear.

Conclusion: Clinical researchers in Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Thailand have implemented exercise protocols that meet or exceed the SCI-SEG. Results of high-quality studies align with the SEG-SCI recommendations. Based on this evidence, we recommend that the SEG-SCI be adopted in these countries. The cultural validation and translation of the SEG-SCI is an important step towards establishing consistent SCI exercise prescriptions in research, clinical and community settings around the world.

Keywords: Cardiometabolic health; Fitness; Health promotion; Paraplegia; Physical activity; Rehabilitation; Tetraplegia.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Exercise
Humans
Indonesia
Japan
Language
Spinal Cord Injuries*
Thailand

Grants and funding

Funding for this project was provided by Joint Usage/Research Center of Sport for Persons with Impairments authorized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (grant number SP2019-01) and a Partnership Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (grant number 895-2013-1021) for the Canadian Disability Participation Project (www.cdpp.ca). JWvdS is based in The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute (THIS Institute), University of Cambridge. THIS Institute is supported by the Health Foundation, an independent charity committed to bringing about better health and healthcare for people in the UK. Kathleen A. Martin Ginis holds, and is supported by, The Reichwald Family Southern Medical Program Chair in Preventive Medicine.