Micro-CT processing's effects on microscopic appearance of human fetal cardiac samples

Abstract

Higher resolution than common computed tomography has been reached through Micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) on small samples. Emerging forensic applications of micro-CT are the study of fetal/infant organs and whole fetuses, and their two/three-dimension reconstruction; it allows: to facilitate pathologists' role in the identification of causes of fetal stillbirth and of infant death; to create digital two and/or three-dimension representations of fetal/infant organs and whole fetuses which can be easily discussed in civil and/or penal courts. Micro-CT reconstructs cardiac anatomy of animal and human sample. There are no studies that are specifically aimed to evaluate possible effects of micro-CT processing on cardiac microscopic evaluation. This study analyzed microscopic effects of micro-CT processing on human-fetal-hearts. After processing with Lugol-solution or Microfil-MV-122-injection in coronary branches, fetal hearts underwent micro-CT scan. Then, hearts were microscopically analyzed using hematoxylin/eosin, trichrome, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for actin-protein, and IHC for desmin-intermediate-filament stains. In all cases staining was present in all fields. In all slides, disarranged myocardial proteins with increase of inter filaments and inter cellular spaces was reported. This manuscript allowed to observe post micro-CT appropriate staining and antigenic reactivity, and to identify cytoarchitecture modifications that could compromise slides' microscopic evaluation. It also highlighted a possible role of micro-CT determining this cytoarchitecture phenomenon.

Keywords: Fetal/pediatric pathology; Forensics; Heart pathology; Medico-legal applications; Micro-CT.