Background: One in four older adults in Denmark and almost half of the very old above 75 do not meet the World Health Organization's recommendations for a minimum of physical activity (PA). A cost-efficient and effective way to increase focus on and motivation for daily walking might be to use Physical Activity Monitors (PAMs) in combination with behavioural change intervention. Thus, the objective of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effect of Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an add-on intervention to a PAM-based intervention measured in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods: This two-arm parallel group randomized controlled effectiveness trial compared a 12-weeks PAM-based intervention with additional MI (PAM+MI group) with a PAM-based intervention alone (PAM group). The primary outcome, average daily step count, was analysed with a linear regression model, adjusted for sex and baseline daily step count. Following the intention-to-treat principle, multiple imputation based on baseline step count, sex and age was performed.
Results: In total, 38 participants were randomized to the PAM intervention and 32 to the PAM+MI intervention arm. During the intervention period, PAM+MI participants walked on average 909 more steps per day than PAM participants, however insignificant (95%CI: - 71; 1889) and reported 2.3 points less on the UCLA Loneliness Scale (95%CI: - 4.5; - 1.24).
Conclusion: The use of MI, in addition to a PAM-based intervention among older adults in PA promoting interventions hold a potential clinically relevant effect on physical activity and should thus be investigated further with adequately powered RCTs.
Trial registration: This study was pre-registered in the clinicaltrials.gov database with identifier: NCT03906162 .
Keywords: Community-dwelling; Elderly; Health technology; Monitoring; Motivational interviewing; Older adults; Physical activity.