Nanobiocomposite Polymer as a Filter Nanosponge for Wastewater Treatment

Anny Leudjo Taka; Elvis Fosso-Kankeu; Xavier Yangkou Mbianda; Michael Klink; Eliazer Bobby Naidoo

doi:10.3390/molecules26133992

Nanobiocomposite Polymer as a Filter Nanosponge for Wastewater Treatment

Molecules. 2021 Jun 30;26(13):3992. doi: 10.3390/molecules26133992.

Authors

Anny Leudjo Taka^{1

2}, Elvis Fosso-Kankeu³, Xavier Yangkou Mbianda⁴, Michael Klink^{1

2}, Eliazer Bobby Naidoo^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa.
² Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa.
³ Department of Electrical and Mining Engineering, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1790, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.

Abstract

A multifunctional nanobiocomposite polymer was developed in this study through a cross-linking polymerization of cyclodextrin with phosphorylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes followed by sol-gel to incorporate TiO₂ and Ag nanoparticles. This work's novelty was to prove that the developed nanobiocomposite polymer is a potential filter nanosponge capable of removing organic, inorganic, and microorganisms' pollutants from wastewater samples. The synthesized multifunctional nanobiocomposite polymer was characterized using a range of spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of oxygen-containing groups on the developed nanobiocomposite polymer and carbamate linkage (NH(CO)) distinctive peak at around 1645 cm^-1, which is evidence that the polymerization reaction was successful. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows that the developed nanobiocomposite polymer has a rough surface. The Dubinin-Radushkevich and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models best described the adsorption mechanism of Co²⁺ and TCE's onto pMWCNT/CD/TiO₂-Ag. The efficacy of the developed nanobiocomposite polymer to act as disinfectant material in an environmental media (e.g., sewage wastewater sample) compared to the enriched media (e.g., nutrient Muller Hinton broth) was investigated. From the results obtained, in an environmental media, pMWCNT/CD/TiO₂-Ag nanobiocomposite polymer can alter the bacteria's metabolic process by inhibiting the growth and killing the bacteria, whereas, in enriched media, the bacteria's growth was retarded.

Keywords: nanobiocomposite; nanosponge; polymer; water treatment.