Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

Abdullah S Aljamhan; Mohammad H Alrefeai; Alhanouf Alhabdan; Sarah A Alhusseini; Imran Farooq; Fahim Vohra; Mustafa Naseem; Fahad Alkhudhairy

doi:10.3390/polym13121903

Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;13(12):1903. doi: 10.3390/polym13121903.

Authors

Abdullah S Aljamhan¹, Mohammad H Alrefeai¹, Alhanouf Alhabdan¹, Sarah A Alhusseini¹, Imran Farooq², Fahim Vohra³, Mustafa Naseem⁴, Fahad Alkhudhairy¹

Affiliations

¹ Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
² Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.
³ Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Community and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dow International Dental College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) particles on the mechanical properties of experimental adhesive (EA). Furthermore, dentin interaction of EA (without nano-HA) and EA with nano-HA (hereon referred to as HA-10%) were also investigated and equated. Methods consisting of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study nano-HA particles shape, dentin bond strength, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. Ninety teeth (N = 90) were collected, and pre-bonding, conditioning of dentin was performed utilizing phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) etching, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ER-CR-YSGG (ECY) laser. The teeth were set to form bonded specimens using two adhesives. Nano-HA particles were spherical-shaped, and EDX confirmed the presence of oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct phosphate and carbonate peaks for nano-HA. The µTBS test demonstrated highest values for HA-10% group on the H₃PO₄ conditioned dentin. The greatest DC was observed for the EA group. The addition of nano-HA-10 wt.% particles in dentin adhesive resulted in improved bond strength. The incorporation also demonstrated acceptable DC (although lower than EA group), suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.

Keywords: H3PO4; adhesive; hydroxyapatite; laser; photodynamic therapy.

Grants and funding

1438-028/The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research group number (RGP-1438-028).