Perioperative care of obstructive sleep apnea patients: A survey of European anesthesiologists

Olumuyiwa A Bamgbade; Oluwafemi Oluwole; Wael M Khalaf; Christine Namata; Lidya M Metekia

doi:10.4103/sja.sja_1010_20

Perioperative care of obstructive sleep apnea patients: A survey of European anesthesiologists

Saudi J Anaesth. 2021 Apr-Jun;15(2):101-108. doi: 10.4103/sja.sja_1010_20. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Authors

Olumuyiwa A Bamgbade¹, Oluwafemi Oluwole², Wael M Khalaf³, Christine Namata⁴, Lidya M Metekia⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
² Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
³ Department of Anesthesia, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
⁴ Salem Anaesthesia Pain Clinic, Surrey, Vancouver, Canada.

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in the surgical patient population and is associated with high risk of perioperative complications. There are limited guidelines and wide practice variations regarding the perioperative care of obese and OSA patients. This is a study of European anesthesiologists' clinical practice of perioperative care of OSA patients.

Methods: This survey evaluated United Kingdom anesthesiologists' clinical practice of the perioperative care of OSA patients. Outcomes and variables were compared between 4100 anesthesiologists of different clinical experience and hospital settings.

Results: Approximately 45% of respondents manage OSA patients rarely, 42% occasionally, and 13% regularly. Most respondents order OSA screening tests if patients have tonsillar hypertrophy, head/neck tumor, BMI >35, increased neck circumference, craniofacial anomaly, and right-sided electrocardiography (ECG) anomaly. Majority request preoperative polysomnography, ECG, overnight pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gas analysis. Majority recommend preoperative weight loss, optimisation, smoking cessation, reduction of substance use, and regular mask-CPAP use. Majority consider endoscopy, and ophthalmology as appropriate day case procedures, but not laparoscopy. Majority postpone elective airway, laparoscopic, laparotomy, and head/neck surgery; if patients are not optimized preoperatively. For major surgery, combined general + neuraxial anesthesia was ranked as 3^rd option. For major limb surgery, neuraxial anesthesia without sedation was ranked as 1^st option, nerve block without sedation was ranked 2^nd, and general anesthesia + nerve block was ranked 3^rd or 4^th. At anesthesia emergence, majority ensure that patients have normal consciousness, respiration and neuromuscular function. Majority ensure postoperative oximetry, telemetry, and oxygen supplementation.

Conclusion: This study highlights variations in anesthesiologists' perioperative care of OSA patients; even in developed countries with advanced medical training and standards. The study outcomes will improve perioperative care of OSA patients.

Keywords: Bariatric anesthesia; OSA; obesity anesthesia; obstructive sleep apnea; perioperative OSA complications; postoperative OSA respiration; preoperative OSA optimisation; preoperative OSA screening.