Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Risk of Kidney Stones in US Adults: An Exposure-Response Analysis of NHANES 2007-2012

Si Sun; Weipu Mao; Shuchun Tao; Xiangyu Zou; Shengwei Tian; Siwei Qian; Chi Yao; Guangyuan Zhang; Ming Chen

doi:10.2147/IJGM.S319779

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Risk of Kidney Stones in US Adults: An Exposure-Response Analysis of NHANES 2007-2012

Int J Gen Med. 2021 Jun 21:14:2665-2676. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S319779. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Si Sun^#¹, Weipu Mao^#^{1

2

3}, Shuchun Tao^#¹, Xiangyu Zou⁴, Shengwei Tian¹, Siwei Qian¹, Chi Yao¹, Guangyuan Zhang^{1

2}, Ming Chen^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
² Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211200, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure may cause various diseases. However, the association between PAHs exposure and kidney stones remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PAHs and the risk of kidney stones in the US population.

Methods: The study included a total of 30,442 individuals (≥20 years) from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Nine urinary PAHs were included in this study. Logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate the association between PAHs and the risk of kidney stones.

Results: We selected 4385 participants. The dose-response curves showed a significant positive association between total PAHs, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyfluorene and the risk of kidney stones after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with the low group, an increased risk of kidney stones was observed in the high group of total PAHs [OR (95% CI), 1.32 (1.06-1.64), P=0.013], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [OR (95% CI), 1.37 (1.10-1.71), P=0.005], 1-hydroxyphenanthrene [OR (95% CI), 1.24 (1.00-1.54), P=0.046] and 9-hydroxyfluorene [OR (95% CI), 1.36 (1.09-1.70), P=0.007].

Conclusion: High levels of PAHs were positively associated with the risk of kidney stones in the US population.

Keywords: NHANES; cross-sectional survey; kidney stones; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent (QRNC2016820), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81670632 and 81900618), and the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (YBPY2173).