Application of a Scanner-Assisted Carbon Dioxide Laser System for Neurosurgery

Abstract

Background: Despite potential advantages, broad carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser diffusion in neurosurgery was historically prevented by several operative limitations. Nonetheless, in recent decades, significant improvements, in particular the development of surgical scanners, have made CO₂ laser surgery easier and reproducible. The aim of this study was to report our preliminary experience with the SmartXide² CO₂ laser system.

Methods: The SmartXide² laser system is a CO₂ laser with a radiofrequency-excited laser source, a surgical scanner, and a high-precision micromanipulator, which are connected to the surgical microscope. Ten different brain and spinal tumors were treated to evaluate the laser system potential in different neurosurgical scenarios. Four illustrative cases were presented.

Results: The CO₂ laser was used together with the traditional instruments in every step of the procedures, from the initial pial incision (intra-axial tumors) or early debulking (extra-axial lesions), to progressive tumor removal, and, lastly, for surgical cavity hemostasis. No injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures was observed. Postoperative neuroimaging confirmed complete tumor removal and showed a marked reduction of preoperative surrounding edema without signs of cerebral/medullary contusions.

Conclusions: In selected cases, the SmartXide² CO₂ laser system could be a helpful, reliable, and safe surgical instrument to treat different cerebral and spinal lesions. It addresses some of the limitations of laser systems and is able to cut/ablate and coagulate the tissue simultaneously, with minimal lateral thermal spread, preserving the surrounding eloquent neurovascular structures. Moreover, having no consumable accessories, it is also cost-effective.

Keywords: Brain tumors; CO(2) laser; Microsurgery; Minimally invasive neurosurgery; Scanning micromanipulator.