The preparation of dense fibrillar collagen matrices, through a sol/gel transition at variable concentrations, offers routes to produce a range of simple, non toxic materials. Concentrated hydrogels entrapping cells show enhanced properties in terms of reduced contraction and enhanced cell proliferation . Dense fibrillar matrices attain tissue like mechanical properties and show ultrastructures described in connective tissues, namely liquid crystalline cholesteric geometries. Their colonization by cells and possible association with a mineral phase in a tissue like manner validate their use as biomimetic materials for regenerative medicine.