Assessment of intracellular accumulation of cadmium and thallium

Abstract

The aim of the study was to develop fast and accurate method for assessment of intracellular level of cadmium (Cd) and thallium (Tl), and to establish accumulation of the metals in the cells. HepG2 cells were treated with Cd or Tl (1.0 or 10.0 mg/L; 24 h) and level of Cd or Tl was assessed. ICP-MS was applied and the method was optimized and validated. Correlation coefficient (R²) for Cd was 0.9999 with intercept 0.0732 while for Tl was 1.00009 with intercept -0.1497, and limit of detection (LOD) for Cd was 0.020 μg/L and for Tl 0.097 μg/L. Both metals, Cd and Tl, accumulate in the cells in concentration-dependent manner. However, higher uptake of Cd in comparison to Tl was observed. Cells treated with the same concentration of the metal (1.0 mg/L) accumulated 10.0% of Cd and 1.0% of Tl. Higher uptake of Cd than Tl can explain higher toxicity of Cd toward HepG2 cells. Obtained results imply to the importance of monitoring the level of metals in the cells in order to connect changes at the molecular level with exposure to specific metal.

Keywords: Cell uptake; ICP-MS; Sample preparation; Toxicity.