Background: Subungual melanoma (SUM) has a poor prognosis because of delayed diagnosis. Its progression, consensus on surgical treatment, and correlation with clinical outcomes remain unclear.
Objective: We aimed to identify the pattern of dermal invasion in different locations of the nail apparatus and its relationship with prognosis.
Methods: In this retrospective review of surgically treated SUM patients between January 2011 and April 2019, the nail apparatus was divided into 5 anatomic subunits: the dorsal roof of proximal nail fold, ventral floor of proximal nail fold, germinal matrix, nail bed, and hyponychium. Invasions in the subunits were categorized using 3 criteria: no tumor, in situ tumor, or invasion.
Results: Among 44 cases of SUM, dermal invasion occurred mostly in the distal areas, with 11, 30, 18, 7, and 4 in the hyponychium, nail bed, germinal matrix, ventral floor of proximal nail fold, and dorsal roof of proximal nail fold, respectively. The patients with hyponychial invasion showed a significantly greater Breslow depth (P = .009), a higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P = .019), distant metastasis (P = .036), and shorter disease-free survival (P = .001).
Conclusion: Hyponychial invasion is an important prognostic predictor of SUM, given its strong association with invasion depth, metastatic progression, and disease-free survival. Patients with invasion in the hyponychium should undergo more strict workup, treatment, and surveillance.
Keywords: hyponychium; oncology; pathology; prognosis; subungual melanoma; surgical dermatology.
Copyright © 2021 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.