Reconstructing the tumor architecture into organoids

Zhimin Luo; Xingwu Zhou; Kalpana Mandal; Na He; Wally Wennerberg; Moyuan Qu; Xing Jiang; Wujin Sun; Ali Khademhosseini

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113839

Reconstructing the tumor architecture into organoids

Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Sep:176:113839. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113839. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Authors

Zhimin Luo¹, Xingwu Zhou², Kalpana Mandal³, Na He⁴, Wally Wennerberg³, Moyuan Qu⁵, Xing Jiang⁶, Wujin Sun⁷, Ali Khademhosseini⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
² Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
³ Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
⁴ School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
⁵ Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, and Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
⁶ Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁷ Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA. Electronic address: wsun@terasaki.org.
⁸ Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: khademh@terasaki.org.

Abstract

Cancer remains a leading health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hindering cancer therapy development is the substantial discrepancies between the existing cancer models and the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human patients. Constructing tumor organoids represents an emerging approach to recapitulate the pathophysiological features of the TME in vitro. Over the past decade, various approaches have been demonstrated to engineer tumor organoids as in vitro cancer models, such as incorporating multiple cellular populations, reconstructing biophysical and chemical traits, and even recapitulating structural features. In this review, we focus on engineering approaches for building tumor organoids, including biomaterial-based, microfabrication-assisted, and synthetic biology-facilitated strategies. Furthermore, we summarize the applications of engineered tumor organoids in basic cancer research, cancer drug discovery, and personalized medicine. We also discuss the challenges and future opportunities in using tumor organoids for broader applications.

Keywords: 3D printing; Biomaterial; Genome editing; Microfluidic; Micropatterning; Tumor organoid.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Drug Discovery / methods
Humans
Models, Biological*
Neoplasms / drug therapy
Neoplasms / pathology*
Organoids / pathology*
Precision Medicine / methods
Tissue Engineering / methods
Tumor Microenvironment / physiology

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding