Simultaneous reduction and adsorption of arsenite anions by green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract

Mohammad Hossein Salmani; Mohammad Abedi; Sayed Ahmad Mozaffari; Amir Hossien Mahvi; Ali Sheibani; Mahrokh Jalili

doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00631-y

Simultaneous reduction and adsorption of arsenite anions by green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract

J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021 Mar 11;19(1):603-612. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00631-y. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Authors

Mohammad Hossein Salmani¹, Mohammad Abedi², Sayed Ahmad Mozaffari², Amir Hossien Mahvi³, Ali Sheibani⁴, Mahrokh Jalili^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
² Institute of Chemical Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
³ Department of Environmental Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
⁵ Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
⁶ Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is present in the environment as arsenate and arsenite anions. Exposure to arsenic anions caused skin problems, degenerative diseases, kidney, liver, and lung cancer. The synthesized iron nanoparticles (NPs) were examined as a green low-cost adsorbent for the removal of arsenite anions from aqueous solution via batch adsorption procedure.

Methods: Iron NPs were prepared in a single step by the reaction of Fe⁺³ 0.01 M solution with a fresh aqueous solution of 2% w/v pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as both reducing and capping agents. The physicochemical properties of peel were investigated by some experiments and functional groups were determined by the FT-IR spectrum. The electrochemical behavior of PPE was studied using cyclic voltammetry on a glassy carbon electrode as produced a cathodic peak at range 120-400 mV. The progress of nZVI production was monitored by a decrease of 372 nm wavelength UV-Vis spectra of PPE. The 27 adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, initial arsenite concentration, mass adsorbent, and contact time according to DOE.

Results: The rapid rate of adsorption was observed at 20-60 min, indicating that the principal mechanism dominating the sorption process was reduction and chemical adsorption. The arsenite removal efficiency was found to be dependent on the solution pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration, respectively.

Conclusion: The experimental data show the ability of the synthesized iron NPs to remove arsenate from solution in both synthetic and polluted natural water. The thermodynamic study suggested the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption of arsenite by green synthesized iron NPs. The iron NPs synthesized with PPE increased the removal of arsenite with an increase in the active surface, indicating some chemical interactions between the adsorbent and oxoanions.

Keywords: Arsenite oxoanions; Cyclic voltammetry; DOE; Green synthesis; Iron nanoparticles; Pomegranate peel extract.