Comparison of Peak Oxygen Consumption During Exercise Testing Between Sexes Among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan

Sheng-Hui Tuan; Guan-Bo Chen; Chia-Hsin Chen; Yi-Jen Chen; I-Hsiu Liou; Yen-Tung Su; Ko-Long Lin

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.657551

Comparison of Peak Oxygen Consumption During Exercise Testing Between Sexes Among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan

Front Pediatr. 2021 May 28:9:657551. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.657551. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Sheng-Hui Tuan^{1

2}, Guan-Bo Chen³, Chia-Hsin Chen⁴, Yi-Jen Chen⁵, I-Hsiu Liou⁶, Yen-Tung Su⁶, Ko-Long Lin^{6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
² Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hopsital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁷ School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁸ Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Abstract

Objective: Studies among Western children have observed that the peak oxygen consumption (peak $\dot{V}$ O₂) of boys is higher than that of girls, and this difference increases as children progress through adolescence. However, the maturation process and social expectation toward Eastern boys and girls are much different from their Western counterparts. This study aimed to provide baseline information on cardiopulmonary fitness (CRF) of Taiwanese children and adolescents in relation to age and sex. We also evaluated the correlation between body mass and CRF and compared the CRF between non-obese and overweight/obese children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Taiwan. Participants were classified into four groups based on age (group 1, aged 4-6; group 2, aged 7-9; group 3, aged 10-13; and group 4, aged 14-18 years). All participants completed symptom-limited exercise test by treadmill and anthropometric measurements through bioelectrical impedance method. Results: In total, 897 (448 men, 449 women) participants were analyzed. Boys had higher peak $\dot{V}$ O₂ (all p < 0.01) and peak metabolic equivalent (MET, all p < 0.05) than girls in all the four groups. Age significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with peak $\dot{V}$ O₂ in all participants, boys, and girls, with coefficients of determination (R ²) of 0.9349, 0.9433, and 0.9085, respectively. The peak $\dot{V}$ O₂ (all p < 0.001) of all the groups and peak MET (all p < 0.05) of group 2-4 associated with BMI and FMI modestly to moderately. Non-obese children had higher peak MET in group 1 (p = 0.049) and group 2-4 (all p < 0.001) than overweight/obese children significantly. Conclusions: The difference in peak $\dot{V}$ O₂ and anthropometry-body composition between sexes was observed earlier in children in Taiwan than those in Western countries. Non-obese children had better CRF than overweight/obese children and the difference presented since preschool age.

Keywords: body mass index; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; fat-free mass index; peak oxygen consumption; sex difference.