Comparative analysis of cytokines and growth factors in the conditioned media of stem cells from the pulp of deciduous, young, and old permanent tooth

Shilpa Bhandi; Ahmed Al Khatani; Hassan Abdulaziz Sumayli; Mushyirah Yahya Sabyei; Abdulaziz Mohammed Al Zailai; Mohammed Ali Sumayli; Hanan Ibrahim Hakami; Mohammed Abdurabu Jafer; Nishant Vyas; Hosam Ali Baeshen; Luca Testarelli; Shankargouda Patil

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.031

Comparative analysis of cytokines and growth factors in the conditioned media of stem cells from the pulp of deciduous, young, and old permanent tooth

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jun;28(6):3559-3565. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.031. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Universirty, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Ministry of Health, Specialist in Restorative Dentistry, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Ministry of Health, Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Colege of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Logical Life Science Private Limited, Pune, India.
⁸ Consultant in Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Objectives: To compare and analyze the secretome profile of stem cells obtained from the deciduous tooth (SHEDs), young (yDPSCs), and old permanent tooth (oDPSCs).

Methods: All the stem cells were assessed for mesenchymal stem cell markers. The stem cells were differentiated into osteoblasts and chondrocytes using lineage-specific differentiation media. Conditioned media was collected from growing stem cells, and a cytometric bead array was performed to estimate secreted cytokines and growth factor levels by flow cytometry. Gene expresseion levels were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Age did not affect the mesenchymal characteristics of dental stem cells from various age groups. The secretomes of SHEDs and young yDPSCs exhibit more growth factors and lesser pro-inflammatory cytokines than oDPSCs. Osteo and chondrogenic differentiation potential were higher in SHEDs and young yDPSCs than in the oDPSCs. TLR1, TLR2, TLR3 show decreased expression levels with age and TLR5, TLR6 show increased expression with age.

Conclusion: The superior regenerative potential of SHEDs and yDPSCs may be due to the higher growth factors and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine profile.

Keywords: Aging; Cytokines; Dental pulp stem cells; Growth factors; SHEDs, toll-like receptors.