Efficacy and Safety of Evinacumab for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Angiopoietin-like protein 3 is essential in lipid metabolism regulation. However, the efficacy and safety of evinacumab (angiopoietin-like protein 3 inhibition drug) for hypercholesterolemia treatment is unknown. In this study, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of evinacumab. RCTs published between January 1, 2000, and November 1, 2020, were obtained from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. All RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of evinacumab were included without language restrictions. Our primary end points included the percent change of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline and the incidence of at least one treatment emergent adverse events including nasopharyngitis, influenza-like illness, headache, dizziness, injection-site reaction, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine aminotransferase, and any other discomfort during treatments. Percentage changes of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from baseline indicated secondary end points. A random-effects model was used to assess pooled data if there was moderate to high heterogeneity between studies. Four studies with 5 RCTs (568 participants) were identified. Evinacumab significantly reduced LDL-C [mean difference (MD) -33.123%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -48.639% to -17.606%, P < 0.0001], triglycerides (MD -50.959%, 95% CI, -56.555% to -45.362%, P < 0.0001), and HDL-C (MD -12.773%, 95% CI, -16.359% to -9.186%, P < 0.0001) compared with placebo. The incidence of at least 1 treatment emergent adverse events was not significantly different between evinacumab and placebo groups (relative risk 1.080, 95% CI, 0.901-1.296, P = 0.405). Evinacumab decreased triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C without significant adverse effects, indicating that it can be a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia.