A plant-based eating pattern is associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is highly effective in its treatment. Diets that emphasize whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes and exclude animal products improve blood glucose concentrations, body weight, plasma lipid concentrations, and blood pressure and play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications. This article reviews scientific evidence on the effects of plant-based diets for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which plant-based diets improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function are described. Practical considerations including education, nutrition adequacy, and adjusting medications will enhance the success of patients who have diabetes.
Keywords: diabetes; diet quality; insulin resistance; plant-based nutrition; type 2 diabetes; vegan diet; vegetarian diet.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.