Are isokinetic leg torques and kick velocity reliable predictors of competitive level in taekwondo athletes?

PLoS One. 2021 Jun 9;16(6):e0235582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235582. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze how isokinetic knee and hip peak torques and roundhouse kick velocities are related to expertise level (elite vs. sub-elite) in taekwondo athletes. Seven elite and seven sub-elite athletes were tested for kick-specific variables (KSV, composed of kinematic variables and power of impact) and for concentric isokinetic peak torque (PT) at 60°/s and 240°/s. First, KSVs and PTs were compared between groups, then PTs were correlated with KSVs. Parametric variables with larger effect sizes (Cohen's d) were entered in a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), generating an equation to estimate competitive level. Between-group differences were found in hip flexors (p = 0.04, d = 0.92) and extensors (p = 0.04, d = 0.96) with PT at 240°/s. Hip flexion PT at 60°/s and 240°/s correlated negatively with kick time (R = -0.46, p = 0.0499 and R = -0.62, p = 0.01 respectively). Hip flexion torque at 60°/s correlated positively (R = 0.52, p = 0.03) with peak linear velocity of the foot (LVF) and power of impact (R = 0.51, p = 0.03). Peak torque of hip extension at 60°/s and hip abduction at 240°/s also correlated with LVF (R = 0.56, p = 0.02 and R = 0.46, p = 0.0499). Hip extension at 60°/s correlated positively with peak linear velocity of the knee (R = 0.48, p = 0.04). The LDA showed an accuracy of 85.7% (p = 0.003) in predicting expertise level based on hip flexion and extension torques at 240°/s and on knee extension velocity during the kick. The study demonstrates that hip muscle strength is probably the dominant muscular factor for determining kick performance. Knee angular velocity combined with hip torques is the best discriminator for competitive level in taekwondo athletes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Athletic Performance / physiology*
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Exercise* / physiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leg / physiology*
  • Male
  • Martial Arts / physiology*
  • Torque
  • Young Adult

Associated data

  • figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.9698741.v2

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP: http://www.fapesp.br/) under a PhD. Grant for Moreira, PVS through the grant number: #2012/19093-6. This study was financed in part by the Post Doctoral Grant for Moreira, PVS, by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES, https://www.capes.gov.br/), Finance Code 001 and partially with the aid of the grant from the Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), through the edital 17/2019 "Doctor Enterpreneur Program: Transforming Knowledge in Innnovation" under the grant number: 2020.01759.2. Its publication was also financed by the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences.