Non-Muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer: Re-envisioning Therapeutic Journey from Traditional to Regenerative Interventions

Kuan-Wei Shih; Wei-Chieh Chen; Ching-Hsin Chang; Ting-En Tai; Jeng-Cheng Wu; Andy C Huang; Ming-Che Liu

doi:10.14336/AD.2020.1109

Non-Muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer: Re-envisioning Therapeutic Journey from Traditional to Regenerative Interventions

Aging Dis. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):868-885. doi: 10.14336/AD.2020.1109. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Authors

Kuan-Wei Shih¹, Wei-Chieh Chen^{1

2

3}, Ching-Hsin Chang^{1

3

4}, Ting-En Tai¹, Jeng-Cheng Wu^{1

3

5

6}, Andy C Huang^{7

8}, Ming-Che Liu^{1

2

3

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ 1Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
² 2Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
³ 3TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁴ 4Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁵ 5Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁶ 6Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
⁷ 8Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,11221, Taiwan.
⁸ 9Department of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei 10629, Taiwan.
⁹ 7Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
¹⁰ 10School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Abstract

Non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is one of the most common cancer and major cause of economical and health burden in developed countries. Progression of NMIBC has been characterized as low-grade (Ta) and high grade (carcinoma in situ and T1). The current surgical intervention for NMIBC includes transurethral resection of bladder tumor; however, its recurrence still remains a challenge. The BCG-based immunotherapy is much effective against low-grade NMIBC. BCG increases the influx of T cells at bladder cancer site and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells. The chemotherapy is another traditional approach to address NMIBC by supplementing BCG. Notwithstanding, these current therapeutic measures possess limited efficacy in controlling NMIBC, and do not provide comprehensive long-term relief. Hence, biomaterials and scaffolds seem an effective medium to deliver therapeutic agents for restructuring bladder post-treatment. The regenerative therapies such as stem cells and PRP have also been explored for possible solution to NMIBC. Based on above-mentioned approaches, we have comprehensively analyzed therapeutic journey from traditional to regenerative interventions for the treatment of NMIBC.

Keywords: BCG; Bladder cancer; NMIBC; PRP; Stem cells.

Publication types

Review