As an important model industrial microorganism, Escherichia coli has been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical industry and agriculture. In the past 30 years, a variety of new strategies and techniques, including artificial intelligence, gene editing, metabolic pathway assembly, and dynamic regulation have been used to design, construct, and optimize E. coli cell factories, which remarkably improved the efficiency for biotechnological production of chemicals. In this review, three key aspects for constructing E. coli cell factories, including pathway design, pathway assembly and regulation, and optimization of global cellular performance, are summarized. The technologies that have played important roles in metabolic engineering of E. coli, as well as their future applications, are discussed.
大肠杆菌作为一种重要的模式工业微生物，在医药、化工、农业等方面具有广泛的应用。近30年来，多种代谢工程改造的新策略和新技术，被用于设计、构建和优化大肠杆菌化学品细胞工厂，极大地提高了生物法合成化学品的生产速率和产量。文中将从大肠杆菌途径设计、合成途径创建与优化和细胞全局优化三个方面，对大肠杆菌代谢改造起重要推动作用的技术进行综述，并对大肠杆菌代谢工程中关键技术的应用进行了展望。.
Keywords: Escherichia coli; metabolic engineering; metabolic pathway; pathway optimization.